10 Facts About Spanish Prepositions

Here are 10 facts about Spanish prepositions that will come in handy as you learn the language. 1. A preposition is a part of speech that is used to connect a noun with another part of a sentence. That noun — or noun substitute such as a pronoun, infinitive or phrase acting like a noun — is known as a prepositional object. Unlike interjections and verbs, prepositions cannot stand alone; they are always used with objects. 2. Prepositions, preposiciones in Spanish, are called that because they are positioned before objects. In Spanish this is always true. Except perhaps in some kind of poetry where the rules of word order are discarded, the prepositional object always follows the preposition. This is in contrast with English, where it is possible to place a preposition at the end of a sentence, especially in questions such as Whom are you going with? In translating that sentence to Spanish, the preposition con must come before quià ©n, the word for who or whom in a question:  ¿Con quià ©n vas? 3. Prepositions can be simple or compound. The most common Spanish prepositions are simple, meaning that theyre made up of one word. Among them are a (often meaning to), de (often meaning from), en (often meaning in or on), para (often meaning for) and por (often meaning for). Compound prepositions should be thought of as a single unit even though made up of two or more words. Among them are delante de (usually meaning in front of) and debajo de (usually meaning underneath). 4. Phrases beginning with a preposition usually function like adjectives or adverbs. Two examples of adjectival usage, with prepositions in boldface: En el hotel hay mucho ruido durante la noche. (In the hotel there is much noise during the night. The phrase provides a description of ruido, a noun.) Comprà © la comida en el refrigerador. (I bought the food in the refrigerator.) The same adverbial phrases used as adverbs: Ella se levantà ³ durante la noche. (She got up during the night. The phrase describes how the action of the verb, se levantà ³, was performed.) Puse la comida en  el  refrigerador. (I put the food in the refrigerator.) 5. Numerous fixed phrases that include a preposition can also function as prepositions. For example, the phrase a pesar de means in spite of and like simpler prepositions must be followed by a noun or noun substitute: A pesar de la crisis, tengo mucho dinero. (In spite of the crisis, I have a lot of money.) 6. Spanish frequently uses phrases with a preposition in situations where English speakers often use adverbs. For example, youre more likely to hear phrases such as de prisa or a toda prisa to mean hurriedly than an adverb such as apresuradamente. Other common adverbial phrases among the hundreds in existence include en broma (jokingly), en serio (seriously), por cierto (certainly) and por fin (finally). 7. Meanings of prepositions can be vague and highly dependent on context, so the meanings of Spanish and English prepositions frequently dont line up well. For example, the preposition a, while often meaning to, can also mean by, at or even off to. Similarly, the English to can be translated not only as a, but also as sobre, de, hacia and contra. 8. The most confusing prepositions for Spanish students are often por and para. Thats because both are frequently translated as for. The rules become complicated, but one quick tip that covers many situations is that por often refers to a cause of some sort while para often refers to a purpose. 9. When a sentence opens with a prepositional phrase that modifies the meaning of the entire sentence, that phrase is followed by a comma. This is common with phrases that reflect the speakers attitude toward what is said. Example: Sin embargo, prefiero escuchar lo que dicen. (Nevertheless, I prefer to hear what they say.) 10. The prepositions entre and segà ºn use subject pronouns rather than object pronouns. So the equivalent of according to me is segà ºn yo (not using the me you might expect). Similarly, between you and me is entre yo y tà º (me and ti arent used).

Conflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management

Conflict and conflict management both play pivotal roles in all relationships, whether they are between friends, family, lovers, or coworkers. However, while most relationships have an abundance of conflict, the amount of properly implemented conflict management in all relationships is relatively low. This is especially surprising when you consider the sheer amount of research and counseling directed at managing conflict in constructive ways. Though the aforementioned services and research are of extremely high quality, the people who would benefit from them the most are either entirely unaware of their existence, associate them a negative stigma, or simply don t have strong conflict management skills. I want to advocate the effectiveness of counseling programs available to help people in relationships resolve conflicts in a positive way, as well as explain some basic aspects of conflict management in a simple, easy to understand text. One such service with a negative stigma associat ed with it is relationship counseling or couples therapy. Too many people think that couples therapy is just an expensive way of extending a relationship by a few months, only to inevitably break up a few months down the line. But, contrary to what most people believe, the purpose of relationship counseling isn t to extend or fix relationships. While it is awesome when counseling achieves these things, the main goals usually consist of improving communication, teaching the, â€Å"win/win† conflictShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1772 Words   |  8 Pagesopinion there will also be a chance for some form of conflict to arise. To resolve and manage conflict, any organization or persons’ must try to understand the causes, theories, approaches and strategies of conflict management. Resolving conflict requires a great deal of attention and thorough understanding in seeking resolution. In this review, conflict management will be explored in g eneral from different perspectives in light of how conflict effects teams or groups, workplace relationships andRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management And Resolution883 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative association with conflict. Reflects poorly on the supervisor when there is conflict but in reality it’s only negative when the supervisor or employee, depending on the situation does not address the conflict. Unresolved conflicts can negatively impact not only the employees involved but also the company. Unresolved conflicts result in negative impacts not only to the individual but also the company. Focus on the problem, not the person. Sometimes the conflict will be reoccurring or unresolvableRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe most important point is that conflict in organizations is increasing as they become more complex, culturally diverse, and global. Conflict has been thought of as necessary at times to keep the wheels of progress turning. Therefore, concentration on conflict in organizations has went from strategies to try to eliminate it to managing it. One issue is training managers how to manage that conflict. Conflict can be detrimental or beneficial to the organization. In order to be beneficial, leadersRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"People are afraid of conflict because they do not have essential skills to manage it well.† This is true because according to O’Grady and Malloch (2016), conflict is reflection of an insufficient knowledge of the dynamics of conflict and a lack of capability in its management. In the case of Nancy, perhaps she needs to undergo specialty training or classes about conflict management in order to improve their unit’s dynamic or interaction. 2. â€Å"If you engage with conflict too early, there is a chanceRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1730 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to our textbook Beebe, Beebe, Ivy (2014), â€Å"interpersonal conflict is a fact of life and eventually all relationships experience conflict† (p. 218). Precisely how the conflict is resolved left up to the involved parties. I am credible because I participated in the following conflict with my mother, analyzed the conflict using the Beebe, Beebe, Ivy (2014) text, and then used the collected information to structure this paper. The central idea of this essay is that people with conflictingRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management Styles885 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Conflict is defined as â€Å"a struggle or contest between people with opposing needs, ideas, beliefs, values or goals† (Popovic and Hocenski, 2009, p. 15). As a manager or leader, you take on the responsibility as a problem solver. Thus,  knowing how to resolve a conflict that respect each individual that is involved shows the ability to deal with conflict. Conflict management styles is being able to manage conflict in a functional manner (Satterlee, 2013).   Ã‚  According to Satterlee (2013) theRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Executives1161 Words   |  5 Pagesprevious researchers’ efforts and expertise. A potential research study on â€Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate Executives in Developing Countries – Nigeria a Case Study† is considered for a signature assignment. Conflict is inevitable and exists everywhere. In organizational system, conflict and methods of conflict management influences different groups (empl oyees, management team and executives). Conflicts are realities of life and can be defined as a â€Å"situation of competition in whichRead MoreSolving The Conflict Resolution : Active Listening And Good Communication821 Words   |  4 Pageshelp them resolve their conflict. â€Å"Arbitration is a time-tested, cost-effective alternative to ligation. Arbitration is the submission of a dispute to one or more impartial persons for a final and binding decision, known as an ‘award’. Awards are made in writing and generally final and binding on the parties in the case† (American Arbitration Association). The Communication Process Communication is one of the key elements of the conflict resolution process. The most of the conflicting situationsRead MoreDefine Functional Versus Dysfunctional Conflict in a Work Group and Explain How You Can Increase Functional Conflict and Decrease Dysfunctional Conflict.1426 Words   |  6 PagesConflict arises when there is some indifference among two parties. In any working group conflict is almost unavoidable. When most people hear the word conflict, they often tend to take the term in negative manner. Almost everyone perceives conflict to be a malefactor and that it often hinders the development process of any group. Although usually people think of it as a bad thing, conflict on the contrary can be a positive occurrence within a group to bring about change. Comprehensively conflictRead MoreBook Review on the Third Side by William Ury1007 Words   |  5 Pagesstate-of-the-art book on conflict management and negotiation by well known negotiator and mediator William L. Ur y, an American National, who is world s leading negotiation expert, he has mediated situations ranging from corporate arena to wildcat strikes, and from family disputes to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, N. Ireland and many other places. He has also worked on the problem of how to prevent nuclear war as a consultant to The White House Crises Management Center. He received his

Scientific Management and Globalisation

Question: Discuss about theScientific Management and Globalisation. Answer: Ford and Taylorism The video compares between two factories and their method of manufacturing automobile. The Vulcan Motor Company Limited in the United Kingdom manufactured cars in the unscientific process which took weeks. The cars were very costly and could be only be afforded by the rich (Vulcanmotors.boschauto.co.uk 2017). Henry Ford, the founder of the Ford Motor Company in the United States of America introduced the scientific management process proposed by the American mechanical engineer, Fredrick Winslow Taylor. Ford used scientific method of manufacturing cars by using conveyer belt where the parts passed down from one worker to the next. This scientific management of manufacturing automobiles made production cheaper which resulted in production of cheaper cars affordable by many. The process converted cars from a status symbol of the rich to the prized assets of many Americans. Ford in order to ensure uninterrupted production and retention provided good salary to his staff. It can be that F ord introduced the strategic management of the human resource, machinery and material to bring down cost of production. He did not allow intervention of trade unions in order to ensure dynamism in production. This system of automobile manufacturing spread to entire America and later to big European markets like Germany. Henry Ford brought about innovation and modernisation in manufacturing which came to be known as Fordism (Ford.com 2017). The workers in Australia, Europe and America would accept Taylorism today. Fordism refers to the scientific management of people, resources and machinery to achieve economies of scale. There are several small companies in these three continents which work in the small acale industry. These firms can apply Taylorsim and management their production process in a scientific way. The companies who are seeking to bring about innovation in their products can also use Taylorism to sustain the market (Mortenson, Doherty and Robinson 2015). The callers in the call centres use scripts of questions which are designed keeping the consumers needs in consideration. These callers use the script to speak to the customers using telephone or internet connections are supervised by their seniors. Hence, the call centres use Taylorism to manage their production team in a scientific way to ensure generation of revenue. The video shows the happenings in the Ford Motor Company dating centuries ago which seem to have become out of date. The statement can hold true for the multinational companies like Ford Motor Company and Unilever who have their own dynamic business models. However, there are small firms which manufacture FMCG goods and exist in the fear of being engulfed by big players like Unilever. These firms can use Fordism and bring about innovation in their production process. They can also manage their workforces and promotion scientifically to reduce their cost of production and increase their revenue. These small companies can adopt Taylorism to sustain in the market and prevent the multinational companies from engulfing them (Sorge and Streeck 2016). Thomas Friedman on Globalisation; 3 Eras of Globalisation; World is Flat The first oration by Thomas Fried deals with the three ages of globalisation. The first era was the era of global arbitrage that reduced the size of the huge earth to medium. The second era of globalisation coincided with expansion of European powers like England and Spain into new lands. The empowerment of individuals to communicate and transact with whole world using advanced technology has reduced the size of the world even smaller. The orator in the next video spoke about his friend discovering and releasing eco friendly Peruvian dishes in China. He also laid stress on the importance of awareness among individuals regarding the resources and their usage (Friedman 2014). The flat world of today is dominated by individuals who interact with the whole world by the virtue of advanced technology poses risk. The key drawback of this empowerment is that it has exposed people to huge resources which they can use to satisfy their own needs. The key risk is that today radical groups like terrorists have huge power to cause massive damage to the economies. The risk is that these groups have the power to damage property worth billions and even threaten the existence of the multinational companies (Khajenoori, Parnian and Jafari 2014). The iron rule of Friedman states that the business world and education today is exploring new entrepreneurial ventures and innovation. The companies today can bring about new innovations and improvements in their strategies. There is a great scope of entrepreneurial ventures and start-ups in todays world due to availability of resources (Baylis, Smith and Owens 2013). The level of globalisation is not uniform all across the world and there are different levels of economical and technological developments. The nations like the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Germany are advanced countries. These are home to big multinational companies like Unilever and Ford Motor Company. The markets like India, China, Brazil are emerging markets which also have their own multinational companies. These two markets have several business tie-ups and enter into bilateral trade agreements. There exists steady flow of money, employment, investments, goods and services between these two markets. There are many countries like the poor countries of Aftica, Asia and South America which are technologically and economically weak. These countries are very poor and have lack of entrepreneurial ventures. Their markets are not profitable and fail to attract big companies. Hence, it can be opined that the level of globalisation is not uniform and differ between co untries. Conclusion: The videos and the question discuss two topics, Taylorism and Globalisation. The video on Taylorism tells tale of the production process in the British and American company. The video shows that innovation and management can bring development in any industry. The questions then prove that Taylorsim may be historical incidence is still very pertinent in the small industries round the world. The second video educates the readers on the ages and stages of globalisation. It shows how the advancement associated with globalisation made the world a smaller place. The video also throws light on the dangers that globalisation has brought with itself. Friedman in his oration also stressed on the need of responsibility and awareness among individuals to derive benefit from globalisation. References: Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P., 2013.The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Easterly, W. and Levine, R., 2016. The European origins of economic development.Journal of Economic Growth,21(3), pp.225-257. Ford.com. 2017. Ford New Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Crossovers Hybrids | Vehicles Built Just for You | Ford.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ford.com [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Friedman, J., 2014. Global System, Globalization and the Parameters of Modernity: Is Modernity a Cultural System?.Occasional Paper, (14), pp.5-30. Khajenoori, B., Parnian, L. and Jafari, M., 2014. A Study of the Relationship between Cultural Globalization with Individualism and Collectivism (Research Subject: Shiraz City).Development,49, pp.31-35. Mortenson, M.J., Doherty, N.F. and Robinson, S., 2015. Operational research from Taylorism to Terabytes: A research agenda for the analytics age.European Journal of Operational Research,241(3), pp.583-595. Sorge, A. and Streeck, W., 2016.Diversified quality production revisited the transformation of production systems and regulatory regimes in Germany(No. 16/13). MPIfG Discussion Paper. Vulcanmotors.boschauto.co.uk. 2017. WELCOME - Vulcan Motors. [online] Available at: https://vulcanmotors.boschauto.co.uk/ [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017].

Nursing Field Argument free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to inform those who may be unaware of the problem of low nurse to patient ratios and how to correct it. Many patients suffer due to understaffed nurses. Not only does the patient suffer, the nurse does as well. A patient faces a higher chance of having pneumonia and it being unnoticed and untreated, due to the fact that a nurse has so many patients to care for all at once. Quite a few nurses become burnt out due to working an abundant amount of hours at a time, even become dissatisfied with working as a nurse. In order to prevent low patient to nurse ratios there should be maximum of four patients to one nurse. The issue of low nurse to patient ratios needs to be corrected in order to prevent chaos in the nursing field. Low Nurse to Patient Ratios Correction A recent issue in the nursing field has become extremely prevalent in the past decade. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Field Argument or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Low nurse to patient ratios have been linked to putting patients in danger. Not only do the low ratios affect the patient, they have added stress up on the nurse as well. An abundant amount of Nurses become burnt out. Working long hours filled with hard labor have caused nurses to become fatigue and overworked. Nurses no longer want to work in the nursing field any more due to circumstances. This issue needs to be corrected in order to prevent putting patients and nurses as well in danger. Low nurse to patient ratios can be corrected by having a maximum of 4 patients at once. This number of patients is ethical and is not costly. When a nurse has a large amount of patients things that can be easily noticed go unnoticed. If there is a low nurse to patient ratio, a nurse may very well overlook little signs that can lead to a diagnosis. Due to low nurse to patient ratios a patient faces a higher chance of obtaining pneumonia. Once the patient has pneumonia in many cases it goes undetected. As a result of the viral infection not being detected is goes untreated. An increase in nurse patient ratio shows a 9. 5 percent decrease in the odds of a patient getting pneumonia (Stanton). If a nurse had more time with a single patient the viral infection could be easily recognized and treated. A patient dying under the care of a nurse is a very big issue. As an effect of low staffed urses an abundant amount of patients face a seven percent increase in the probability of dying within 30 days of admission to a hospital (â€Å"Hospital Nurse †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). They also are up against a seven percent chance of a nurse failing to rescue (â€Å"Hospital Nurse †). Not only does the low nurse to patient ratios affect the patient but the nurse as well. A nurse’s day is full of tedious tasks. A nurse works extremely hard d uring the time they are on the floor working. After working extremely hard for a 12 hour shift with multiple patients a person is over worked. As a result of doing this day after day, a person becomes burnt out. Forty-three percent of nurses had high burnout scores (Schwenk). Other than a nurse becoming burnt out, a nurse may also become dissatisfied with the nursing field. A nurse is typically passing out medications and providing direct care a patient, but in most cases ends up going outside of the responsibilities described in their job description. A nurse ends up performing duties of those that are to be done by a certified nursing assistant or licensed practical nurse due to the fact that there is a high amount of patients all at once. Since the nurse is doing many other jobs they ultimately feel as though they no longer want to work as a nurse. With each additional patient, a nurse faces a 15 percent increase in the chances of becoming dissatisfied as working as a nurse. Forty-three percent of nurses had low job-satisfaction scores (Schwenk). To prevent nurses from becoming dissatisfied with this field, there needs to be a law mandating that a nurse is to only have 4 patients to care for. In each and every facility where a nurse is employed, the mandatory nurse to patient ratio should be four patients to one nurse. This ratio is reasonably cost efficient. According to research done by Thomas Schwenk, if the amount of patients were to be increased, from four patients to one nurse, to any number up to eight patients would result in five deaths per one thousand patients. The ratio of four patients to one nurse is an ethical ratio. Once a minimum of four patients to one nurse is mandated in all states of America, patients will no longer have to worry about receiving adequate health care. Nurses will no longer become dissatisfied as working as a nurse. When the number of patients a nurse has is lowered, a nurse will only complete what it is that a nurse is required to do, instead of performing the duties of a nursing assistant. A nurse will not be burnt out after a shift, due to the fact that they will only be responsible for giving care to four patients. Works Cited Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Sochalski J, Silber JH. â€Å"Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction. † JAMA, 30 October 2002. Web. 1 September 2012. Stanton M. A. , Mark. †Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Care. † Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Web. 1 September 2012. Schwenk MD, Thomas. â€Å"Low Nurse Staffing Ratios, Patient Safety, and Nurse Burnout. † Journal Watch Specialties, 8 November 2002. Web. 7 September 2012. Annotated Bibliography Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, Sochalski J, Silber JH. â€Å"Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction. † JAMA, 30 October 2002. Web. 1 September 2012. The article basically discusses low patient to nurse ratios. This problem has become extremely prevalent in the past decade. It goes into detail on how it affects the nurse and patient as well. Research done by the authors of this article show that each additional patient a nurse has brings on a 23 percent increase in the odds of a burn out and 15 percent increase in job dissatisfaction. In many cases the nurse becomes burnt out, due to all of the work and time put in. As an effect of low staffed nurses an abundant amount of patients face a seven percent increase in the probability of dying within 30 days of admission to a hospital. They also are up against a seven percent chance of a nurse failing to rescue. Stanton M. A. , Mark. †Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Care. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Web. 1 September 2012. This article written by Mark Stanton goes into fixing the low patient to nurse ratios and as well some of the effects. The article goes over nurses becoming burnt out and dissatisfied with working as a nurse. Studies done by the AHRQ brings the effect of low staffed nurses and the higher chances of patients getting pneumonia. An i ncrease in RN patient ratio shows a 9. 5 percent decrease in getting pneumonia. If a nurse had more time with a single patient it could be easily recognized and treated. Welton PhD RN, John. Mandatory Hospital Nurse to Patient Staffing Ratios: Time to Take a Different Approach. † The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 30 September 2007. Web. 1 September 2012. This article discusses an alternative way to help with low nurse to patient ratios. Instead of having a mandatory nurse to patient staffing ratio, simply charge patients based on the care they were given. It goes into arguing the alternative solution. The option is cost efficient. This option decreases the chances of a nurse becoming burnt out because a nurse does not work as many hours. It also rules out the chances of job dissatisfaction.