Thursday, November 28, 2019

Muhammad Ali free essay sample

Life, career, major fights, skills strategies, refusal to be drafted, comeback, impact on boxing society. (more)

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on North And South

Throughout the Civil War captured soldiers would be sent to the opposing side’s prison camps. The most dreaded prison camp was Andersonville also know as Camp Sumter. Just saying the name of this Confederate prison brought cringes to the stomachs of the Union soldiers. Andersonville had a harsh approach to treating the captured; they would starve them for days, make them walk around naked, and even make them drink water that had been contaminated with their own waste. Andersonville was the harshest prison throughout the civil war and the way they treated prisoners was unlawful and unjustifiable. As you read through this paper ask yourself if the way these prisoners were treated was cruel and unusual. The definition of Cruel and Unusual Punishment is this, punishment that is offensive to the contemporary morality or jurisprudence (as by being degrading, inflicting unnecessary and intentional pain, or being disproportionate to the offense). As you read through, put yourself in the prisoner’s shoes. Is what being done to them against the law? Is it right to starve thousands of men just because they were fighting for the freedom of slaves? Keep these questions in mind as you read through this paper. The way that guards treated the inmates was disgusting to say the least. When the men first went into the prison camps they were stripped of all their clothes and belongings. After the prisoner was sent into the camp the only way to get clothing was to go find someone who had died and take the clothes right off his back. It may not seem important, but clothing is a necessity in the southern climate. It not only protects the skin from the sun but during the night it keeps a person warm. To not provide proper clothing for the inmates is inhumane and cruel and unusual punishment. To take the clothing off a man’s back is cruel punishment. There is no need to take away the clothing of prisoners; it serves no purpose to have ... Free Essays on North And South Free Essays on North And South Throughout the Civil War captured soldiers would be sent to the opposing side’s prison camps. The most dreaded prison camp was Andersonville also know as Camp Sumter. Just saying the name of this Confederate prison brought cringes to the stomachs of the Union soldiers. Andersonville had a harsh approach to treating the captured; they would starve them for days, make them walk around naked, and even make them drink water that had been contaminated with their own waste. Andersonville was the harshest prison throughout the civil war and the way they treated prisoners was unlawful and unjustifiable. As you read through this paper ask yourself if the way these prisoners were treated was cruel and unusual. The definition of Cruel and Unusual Punishment is this, punishment that is offensive to the contemporary morality or jurisprudence (as by being degrading, inflicting unnecessary and intentional pain, or being disproportionate to the offense). As you read through, put yourself in the prisoner’s shoes. Is what being done to them against the law? Is it right to starve thousands of men just because they were fighting for the freedom of slaves? Keep these questions in mind as you read through this paper. The way that guards treated the inmates was disgusting to say the least. When the men first went into the prison camps they were stripped of all their clothes and belongings. After the prisoner was sent into the camp the only way to get clothing was to go find someone who had died and take the clothes right off his back. It may not seem important, but clothing is a necessity in the southern climate. It not only protects the skin from the sun but during the night it keeps a person warm. To not provide proper clothing for the inmates is inhumane and cruel and unusual punishment. To take the clothing off a man’s back is cruel punishment. There is no need to take away the clothing of prisoners; it serves no purpose to have ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Difference Between Network Administration and System Administration Essay

Difference Between Network Administration and System Administration - Essay Example An organization needs to distinguish between both the disciplines in order to run their business effectively. However, both these jobs are considered as same by the majority of business organizations. Normally, a large size firm hires both the network and system administrators while small size business organizations hire only the system administrators and give them the additional charge to manage the tasks which come under the job of network administration (Burgess, Principles of Network and System Administration, 2nd Edition, 2004, p. 1; Morgan, 2012). Before differentiating both these terms it is necessary to understand the functions of both the jobs. Basically, a system administrator performs their tasks while keeping in mind the interest of users, with the intention that they can make use of the system in order to carry out their tasks. On the other hand, a system administrator should not just make provision for one or two self-interested needs, but as well assist the organizatio n in attaining the organizational goals. At some point, it is expected that advancements in technology might cause to be system administration to some extent an easier job (one of totally resource administration) but, currently, system administration is not believed to be an administrative task; on the other hand it is a tremendously challenging engineer’s task. In fact, this job involves dealing with software, hardware, diagnosis, user support, repair and prevention. Thus, system administrators must have knowledge of a bit of everything, no matter skills are administrative, technical and socio-psychological (Burgess, Principles of Network and System Administration, 2nd Edition, 2004, p. 1). As discussed above, both the terms system administration and network administration exist independently and are utilized both commonly and disconnectedly by business organizations and by researchers. Basically, the system administration is the term used customarily by mainframe and Unix e ngineers to explain the management of computers no matter they are connected to a network or not. According to the viewpoint of this community, network administration refers to the administration of network infrastructure devices such as switches and routers. In addition, both the system and network administration are more and more demanding for the reason that the complexity of computer systems is increasing continually. It can be better understood with an example, a single PC at present, running Windows NT, and connected to a network, reached the level of complexity that mainframe computers had ten years ago. Thus, organizations are at the present required to think about systems not just computers (Burgess, 2004, p. 1). Moreover, the system administration does not only involve installing operating systems but it involves planning and designing a well-organized and resourceful community of computers with the intention that actual users can be able to get their jobs done. Some of th e responsibilities of system administrator involve: (Burgess, 2004, p. 4) Planning for a network which is logical and well-organized Deploying large numbers of computers which can be with no trouble upgraded afterward Selecting what services will be required Planning and deploying

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Human relationship and responsibility to the natural world Essay

Human relationship and responsibility to the natural world - Essay Example The natural world is the world where aspects of life interact in ways that create eco-systems in order to create spaces of survival. As human beings, the natural world should be a responsibility in which nature is preserved and protected. The way in which human beings have behaved, however, is to create the concept of the world as a resource rather than a responsibility to be protected. As stewards of the Earth, human beings should have tended to nature rather than stripping and using up resources many of which cannot easily be replenished. Just like locusts come and strip plant life down to that which is no longer usable, human beings have created a planet that is suffering because of the uses to which it has endured. As stewards of the planet, it is the job of human beings to begin to nourish and enrich the natural world so that much of it can be put back to its natural state. Rather than destroying species and allowing them to disappear for the Earth, the natural environment shoul d be cared for so that it can once again evolve into a beautiful and rich space in which nature thrives and flourishes. Resources for this paper will be works from A Sand County almanac: With essays on conservation by Aldo Leopold, as well as a variety of sources which describes the current human condition. The following paper will discuss the concept of stewardship in order to answer the question about the relationship of human kind as it has a responsibility to the natural world.... In order to discuss this topic, the first question that must be examined is how the human cultures have continued to evolve away from the natural environment and use it as a place to strip natural resources. Modernity means taking what is natural and using it as a resource rather than living within it as a part of its ecosystem. When human beings involve themselves with nature, it comes in the form of ‘going’ to it. The terms ‘going fishing’ or ‘going skiing’ suggest that a human is going to a place where they can begin to enjoy the abundance of nature. Modern human beings are not involved in nature in the way that a fox or a rabbit would be involved. They are not hunted, nor do they hunt for their food. They live in packaged environments that deny nature as they sit in their air-conditioned offices and shop in the chilled regions of the frozen food aisle. Industrialization was the capstone of the divorce from nature as needs became packaged so that inconvenience and direct work was supplanted for making money to pay for the industrialized nature of survival. Buying an apple takes more than plucking it from a tree just as making a bed is no longer about finding the right leaves and branches in which to lay. It could be said humans have grown lazy because they are no longer required to run from tigers or chase down buffalo. It is the convenience of modern life that has taken us from lean, strong fighters to artificial leanness when it is chosen to be manufactured or soft bellied beings that wait for the doorbell to ring in order to eat pizza. Modern humanity is about packaging what nature would otherwise provide

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Critical Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical Responses - Essay Example On the other hand, multiple platforms are very beneficial since they are able to break down the original concepts into items that are understood by diverse groups of people. Whenever a new entertainment platform is used, it is only sensible and appropriate to apply additional creativity so that the need for entertainment is satisfied through that other platform. Very few platforms have the capacity of retaining the original content; a change of the content out rightly results in loss of the original concepts that were highlighted by the original author (Koku, 1995). There are many examples that can be used to strengthen this position. Many people use novels as a source of entertainment by reading interesting stories that were developed by the author. The story will apply very interesting scenarios that appeals to the reader and creates a lot of reading suspense. The translation of the novel to a film brings forth other views that never featured in the novel in order to enhance the visual appeal. This means that I the process, there occurs lose in some of the original concepts while some new ones are added therein. As it is well put by Jenkins (2003), as content gets across the entertainment platforms, it is followed by enhancements through creativeness. This is termed as a distraction or corruption from the original concepts that were intended by the original author. When a concept is concept is drawn from a movie to a videogame, there are outright differences that are expected. In the first place, a videogame will be required to depict some fl exibility so that the player is able to enjoy make their own manoeuvres. However, despite the differences in some of the content there are similar concept that are applied across the board. For example, in a real football match compared to a video football game like FIFA, the rules of football follow to the letter. The difference is that the players are

Friday, November 15, 2019

Advantages Of Banner Advertising Marketing Essay

Advantages Of Banner Advertising Marketing Essay The key of successful business is the business how to promote the product and services to all readers by using the online. According to the statistical data, more of the 80% people will everyday surf through the technologically such as internet. So, the internet has becomes an indispensable part of peoples lives. Thus, it can be considered a wide channel for the business which wants to promote their products and services to all the people. The online advertising method has becomes the most popular method for the business. It is because online advertising is easy and low advertising cost. Besides that, the online advertising also have a lot of the readers or viewers. There are many method of online advertising that can used to promote the product and services such as bloggers advertising, banner advertising, email advertising, forum advertising and so on. But in this assignment, I would like to go on deep about the banner advertising. Advantages of Banner Advertising Banner Advertising is a most important component of web-business creation. It is a good method for make profits via the website. It is because banner advertising is very simple and easy by just sign up an affiliate programs and follow the instruction given to create an attractive banner that link your website with the advertiser. We can free to choose the design of the layout and content of our site. With the pay-per-click advertisements, we can get paid from viewer who clicked on your banner. Moreover, it is easier for viewers to remember the company name. On the other hand, it become more effective and convenience compare when compare with other online advertising. Furthermore, the banner advertising is inexpensive. It normally counts by the size of the banner or loads of a banner advertisement, a cost per miles (CPM) for a minimum purchase. For example, if you make a banner ad on Yahoo, it cost you a CPM of $20 $25. It is much cheaper than other advertising media. Compare with others, the small firm or company can afford for the banner advertising cost. In addition, by using the banner advertising that can easy got a lot of larger audiences and target segments can be accessed. Last but not least, with the banner advertising, we can share the information at anywhere and in any times. It is because the internet is links worldwide. So, everyone can access to the Internet 24 hours daily thus the banner advertisement created can be logged on anytime and anyplace. Besides that, publisher also update the product and service information release products and services as well as promotion instantly. Disadvantages of Banner Advertising There are few disadvantages of banner advertising. Firstly, there is no assurance of the audience responses. It is because banner only assures that the banner advertising maybe will just be viewed by people and is no guarantee that people will click on the banner advertising. Secondly, the publisher must make sure that the banner advertising are attractive and innovative. It is because if the banner advertising is not attracted by the reader, then nobody would click into the banner advertising and deliver the message advertising . It is waste time and cost because maybe the business or firm need to hire the professional for creating a unique banner in order to compete with the competitors. The speed will also affected the effect of the banner advertising. It is because many graphics, moving image or video will take more time to load and waiting the image appears. This and the idea that designer create will become mess, it will be discourage some viewers and readers. Finally, the publisher can only know about the number of views of the banner advertising but unable to estimate the effective of the advertising. It is because it may be unreliable on the revenue generated from the pay-per-click basic is precisely. The affiliate program may have error in counting the access time of the viewers. Furthermore, there are too many incidents of cheating in Internet, viewers will have a thought before clicking into any ads due to afraid of fraud cases and the viruses spread. This eventually brings negative effect on those banner advertising who advertise through online. Improvement Banners adv is most popular for the marketers. But in the recently years, the prices of the banner advertising are drop and also not so attracted by the people. So, the designer must use the bright color for the advertising. It is because bright color can easy attract the readers attraction. Besides that, the slogan for the advertisement needs to be improved. The slogan must be short and clear that can let the readers understanding the contents of the advertising. Besides that, the best way to advertise the banner advertising is using animate. Comparing the static advertising and animated advertising, animated advertising can attract more the readers. All the animation effect can be more easily to express the meaning of advertising. On the other hand, if the banner advertising want increase viewer, the advertising picture must load quickly. It is because most all the viewers do not have so much patience, it is not suitable for the viewer waiting so long. So, we must let our advertising loading faster. http://www.ehow.com/how_2343698_improve-conversion-ratio-banner-ads.html http://managementhelp.org/ad_prmot/ad_prmot.htm#anchor429496 managementhelp. 2010. Advertising and Promotions. [ONLINE] Available at: http://managementhelp.org/ad_prmot/ad_prmot.htm#anchor429496. [Accessed 18 November 10]. http://www.cxdigitalmedia.com/advertisers.php cxdigitalmedia. 2010. Maximize Online Advertising Results. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cxdigitalmedia.com/advertisers.php. [Accessed 19 November 10]. http://tools.devshed.com/c/a/Website-Advertising/Internet-Advertising-Methods/ Developer Shed. 2003. Website Advertising. [ONLINE] Available at: http://tools.devshed.com/c/a/Website-Advertising/Internet-Advertising-Methods/. [Accessed 17 November 10]. http://trevorweir.com/5682/various-methods-of-online-advertising/ Henry Woody. 2010. Various Methods Of Online Advertising. [ONLINE] Available at: http://trevorweir.com/5682/various-methods-of-online-advertising/. [Accessed 19 November 10]. http://www.web-source.net/internet_advertising.htm Brajusta Publishing, Inc. 1997. Online Advertising / Web Advertising / Business Advertising . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.web-source.net/internet_advertising.htm. [Accessed 17 November 10]. http://www.bmcommunications.com/int_ad.htm Prudens Consulting Ltd. 2010. Online Banner Advertising Other Advertising Methods. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bmcommunications.com/int_ad.htm. [Accessed 19 November 10]. http://www.cxdigitalmedia.com/online-advertising/internet-advertising.php Cxdigitalmedia. 2009. Methods of Internet Advertising. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cxdigitalmedia.com/online-advertising/internet-advertising.php. [Accessed 18 November 10]. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/the-most-popular-online-advertising-methods.html Buzzle. 2009. The Most Popular Online Advertising Methods. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/the-most-popular-online-advertising-methods.html. [Accessed 16 November 10]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_advertising Wikipedia. 2009. Online advertising. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_advertising. [Accessed 19 November 10]. http://myadengine.com/ Myadengine. 2010. The easiest way to advertise online. [ONLINE] Available at: http://myadengine.com/. [Accessed 17 November 10]. http://www.facebook.com/advertising/?campaign_id=217255663720placement=broadcreative=5813532272keyword=online+advertisingextra_1=2f191f72-aaad-8368-f3d9-000070292583 Facebook. 2010. Facebook advertisment. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.facebook.com/advertising/?campaign_id=217255663720placement=broadcreative=5813532272keyword=online+advertisingextra_1=2f191f72-aaad-8368-f3d9-000070292583. [Accessed 17 November 10]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_ad Wikipedia. 2010. Web banner. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_ad. [Accessed 15 November 10]. http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Online_Advertising_-_History Skye Salleras . 2004. Online Advertising History. [ONLINE] Available at: http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Online_Advertising_-_History. [Accessed 17 November 10]. http://www.davesite.com/internet/webads.shtml Dave Kristula. 1996. Banner Advertising. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.davesite.com/internet/webads.shtml. [Accessed 19 November 10]. http://www.articlealley.com/article_690918_81.html Articlealley. 2010. Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet Advertising. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.articlealley.com/article_690918_81.html. [Accessed 18 November 10].

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Drive Towards Insanity Essay -- Character Analysis

The descent into madness is never a pretty road to travel. The journey involves multiple paths which are staggered into twists, turns, a fork in the road, and sometimes a glimmer of hope before reaching complete insanity. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat† is one such story of a man who has stepped fully into the realm of madness. The end result of the narrator’s actions due to his mental state involve the maltreatment of his beloved pets, the hanging of his prized cat, and the eventual murder of his caring wife. The protagonist begins the tale by reassuring the recipient of the letter that he is perfectly sane, and that the entire ordeal was not a dream by any means. Many figures in history and in fiction have stated the same claim while performing evil acts. Christopher Nolan’s â€Å"The Dark Knight† shows one such character the Joker, played by Heath Ledger, who also claims to be perfectly sane while performing heinous crimes. He openly murde rs innocent civilians, causes destructive-mayhem, and openly tries to convert other characters into his cult of madness while believing himself to be fully sane. The Joker explains to Batman that â€Å"madness, as you know, is like gravity. All it takes is a little push† (Ledger). Poe uses carefully chosen language, flawless imagery, and gothic characteristics in â€Å"The Black Cat† to show that beneath every individual the drive toward insanity can explode into a reality. Poe masterfully uses carefully chosen language to make the narrator seem like a regular human being with some destructive tendencies. He playfully suggests that each individual â€Å"himself [committed] a vile or silly action, for no reason than because he knows he should not? Have we not a perpetual inclination [†¦] to violate that which i... ...985. Print Foerster, Norman. American Criticism: A Study in Literary Theory from Poe to the Present. New York: Russell & Russell, 1962. Print Ledger, Heath, perf. The Dark Knight. Warner Brothers Pictures, 2008. Film. Magistrale, Tony. Student Companion to Edgar Allen Poe. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001. Print. Ruiz, Don Miguel, and Janet Mills. The Voice of Knowledge. San Rafael: Amber-Allen Publishing, 2004. Print. Oliver Jr., Lawrence J. "Kinesthetic Imagery And Helplessness In Three Poe Tales." Studies In Short Fiction 20.2/3 (1983): 73. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. "Pluto, In Greek Religion And Mythology." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2011): 1. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. Turvey, Malcolm. "Vertov: Between The Organism And The Machine." October 121 (2007): 5-18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Apr. 2012.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Hockey Cross Country Comparison Essay

Hockey and Cross country are two completely different sports in many aspects for example one is played on ice and is very physical and the other you are running on dry ground and all you do is run. But in many aspects these two sports have more in common than most people would think. These two sports in some aspects are polar opposes but having played them both I can say they are very similar. First off they both require extremely high levels of physical endurance and strength. Hockey requires you to have physical strength, quickness, and hand eye coordination. As cross country requires physical strength as well, but it also requires you to put your mind over your body, this means that no matter what kind of physical pain you may be in you have to block out the pain and keep running. Now most people think that cross country is not a team sport and only individuals run cross country right? Well they are very wrong cross country is just as much of a team sport as hockey. In cross country you rely on your team mates to place well in their race to score points just as a hockey player would in hockey. Both hockey and cross country require immense amounts of training. Hockey you have to train your hand eye coordination as well as having good vision and being physically strong. Cross country you must train your endurance you must have massive amounts of stamina as well as mental strength. Cross country you need a strong core and legs and stamina, but hockey requires you to be strong in every muscle group. Hockey is a physical sport that requires you to be able to block out pain after a big hit or a player takes a puck where they don’t have any padding.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Intelligence

Intelligence/IQ Test Intelligence is the ability to acquire information, analyze the information, and be able to use what you have acquired in the future. You also need to know how to survive in the world, which involves common sense and to know right from wrong. The theory that is the closet to the definition of intelligence would be Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Everyone is different, which means people can obtain the same information. However, some people may not be able to analyze the information while others are able to analyze and use the information well. Gardner believes there are seven distinct kinds of intelligence: Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, Spatial, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. He believes that each person has multiple forms of these intelligence. IQ test should not be paper and pencil test. Children should be observed throughout a day, where there are activities that every child must do that tap into each of the intelligences Gardner has described. The activities can test several of the intelligences at one time or can test just one. One activity that taps into Musical intelligences is to play a melody and have the child play it back. An example of an activity that test different intelligence at the same time could be; have the children work in a group and they have to write a short story and be able to use movements or objects to help them tell the story. This activity involves Interpersonal intelligence because they are working with other people. It also involves Linguistic intelligence because you are writing a story. If the children use movements to help them tell the story then the activity would also use Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence. Some of the pros of this kind of evaluation of intelligence are; children will not be compared to each other, and they will know what they are good at and what they are bad at. The activities could also be c... Free Essays on Intelligence Free Essays on Intelligence Why IQ Tests Don't Test Intelligence The task of trying to quantify a person’s intelligence has been a goal of psychologists since before the beginning of this century. The Binet-Simon scales were first proposed in 1905 in Paris, France and various sorts of tests have been evolving ever since. One of the important questions that always comes up regarding these tools is what are the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a person’s intelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Or just some arbitrary quantity of the person’s IQ? When examining the situations around which these tests are given and the content of the tests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests may be for standardizing a group’s intellectual ability, they are not a good indicator of intelligence. To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should be the same for everyone involved. If anything has been learned from the psychology of perception, it is clear that a person’s environment has a great deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the light flickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is the temperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in the worst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a person’s mind, it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyone’s body is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is it expected to get standardized results across all the subjects? Because of this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent of their environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot be viewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a person’s intelligence. It is obvious that a person’s intelligence stems from a variety of traits. A few of these that are often tested are reading comprehension, vocabulary, and spatial relations. B... Free Essays on Intelligence Intelligence/IQ Test Intelligence is the ability to acquire information, analyze the information, and be able to use what you have acquired in the future. You also need to know how to survive in the world, which involves common sense and to know right from wrong. The theory that is the closet to the definition of intelligence would be Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Everyone is different, which means people can obtain the same information. However, some people may not be able to analyze the information while others are able to analyze and use the information well. Gardner believes there are seven distinct kinds of intelligence: Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, Spatial, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. He believes that each person has multiple forms of these intelligence. IQ test should not be paper and pencil test. Children should be observed throughout a day, where there are activities that every child must do that tap into each of the intelligences Gardner has described. The activities can test several of the intelligences at one time or can test just one. One activity that taps into Musical intelligences is to play a melody and have the child play it back. An example of an activity that test different intelligence at the same time could be; have the children work in a group and they have to write a short story and be able to use movements or objects to help them tell the story. This activity involves Interpersonal intelligence because they are working with other people. It also involves Linguistic intelligence because you are writing a story. If the children use movements to help them tell the story then the activity would also use Bodily Kinesthetic intelligence. Some of the pros of this kind of evaluation of intelligence are; children will not be compared to each other, and they will know what they are good at and what they are bad at. The activities could also be c... Free Essays on Intelligence Intelligence has been defined by prominent researchers in the field as : Binet and Simon (1905): the ability to judge well, to understand well, to reason well. Terman (1916): the capacity to form concepts and to grasp their significance. Wechsler (1939): the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment. Gardner (1986): the ability or skill to solve problems or to fashion products which are valued within one or more cultural settings. Detailed definition of intelligence: Life is essentially a relationship between a living organism and its environment, but it is a permanently threatened and unstable equilibrium. As long as the equilibrium between the organism and its environment is maintained, no further adaptation is required and the living process remains automatic. But when an obstacle, a hesitation or a choice occurs, this blind activity becomes insufficient and consciousness appears.Consciousness is not yet synonymous with intelligence; it is first a feeling or a need but not truly a thought-up relationship or the conscious awareness of a relationship. To be intelligent is to understand, and to understand means to be aware of relationships. Judgment is what makes us aware of relationships.To be intelligent is also to be able to solve new problems or to deal with open-ended situations. In other words, it is about discovering relationships or being capable of invention. Thus, all intelligent action is characterized by the comprehension of relationships between the given elements and a finding out of what has to be done, given those relationships, to create new relationships, solve a difficulty or reach a desired goal. To study intelligence is therefore to study judgment and invention. Logicians have defined judgment as the assertion of a relationship between two ideas. To say: "dog is a mammal" is to establish a relationship between the...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project Essays

Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project Essays Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project Paper Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project Paper Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 0 Background Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a type of devices that can be used as a DC motor speed controller or light dimmer. PWM is used extensively for speed controller where power-saving application is needed. This device has been used as a motor speed control for small DC fans, for example in computer power supplies. A PWM circuits works by creating a square wave with a variable on-to-off ratio, the average on time may be varied from 0 to 100 duty cycle. The term duty cycle describes the proportion of on time to the regular interval or period of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on. From this, a variable amount of power is transferred to the load. The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When the switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle. Additional advantage of PWM is that the pulses reach the full supply voltage and will produce more torque in a motor by being able to overcome the internal motor resistance easily. 1. 1 Objectives The objectives of this project are: 1. To develop the actual circuit of the PWM. 2. To simulate the PWM circuit in simulation software. 3. To use the PWM in order to control the speed of the DC motor. 1. 2 Methodology Start Title consideration, ideas Supervisor approval Components specifications and data sheets Proposal Drafting Proposal Evaluation Project Simulation Project Presentation Progress Report Submission END Figure 1. 2. 1 Flowchart of Methodology 1. 3 Gantt Chart 1. 3. 1 Final Year Project 1 | WEEKS| ACTIVITY| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| 1| Student-supervisor-panel allocation, briefing about FYP, introductions| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 2| Student-supervisor meeting arrange time, finding ideas discuss ideas, project titles| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 3| Student-supervisor regular meeting| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 4| Proposal preparation| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 5| Proposal evaluation, meet supervisor for evaluation, things to be improved| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 6| Proposal correction correct any mistakes| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 7| Project Development choose circuit, check availability simulation| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 8| Proposal and progress presentation| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 9| Progress report writing is based on progress| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 10| Progress report submission submit report| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 1. 3. 2 Final Year Project 2 Week| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| Tasks| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Buy Components | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | | | | | Construct circuiton breadboard | | | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | | | | Troubleshoot| | | Â  | Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | PCB Layout Design| | | | | | Â  | | | Â  | | | | | | PCB Layout Print| | | | | | | | | | Â  | Â  | | | | Soldering| | | | | | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | Final Report| | | | | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Final Presentation| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. 3. 2. 1 Aims for Final Year Project 2 1. Prepare the actual circuit diagram 2. Building and programming the PCB circuit diagram 3. Drilling the PCB and soldering the components 4. Testing the PWM circuit 5. Troubleshoot 1. 3. 2. 2 Project planning for Final Year Project 2 For the final year project 2, we have to prepare the actual circuit based on our simulation result. We will create the PCB artwork with PCB programming such as ExpressPCB, which is available for free and is surprisingly functional. Next, we have to print out the PCB artwork on a transparency. Then we cut out the printed portion of the artwork. This will define the size and shape of the PCB. To make PCBs, we can use the UV exposure method, which is only slightly more difficult than and significantly more precise than the toner transfer method. To start out, we must cut the PCB to be the same size as the outline of the PCB positive. First, we drew a rectangle the same dimensions of the PCB on the protective layer of UV Reactive copper covered ibreglass board, and then cut it out using a Dremel tool equipped with a diamond wheel. We have to make sure that once we have removed the board from its protective package it will not be exposed to any UV. Fluorescent and halogen lights both output enough UV light that they will expose the board through the protective layer of plastic. Next, after we cut the UV sensitive PCB to size, we are ready to expose the board. Then we remove the protective layer to size, from the PCB right before we place the positive on it, or else dust particles will attach to the board, which will mark the final PCB. To expose the PCB, first remove the protective layer, place the positive transparency on top of the board, and place it in the UV exposure box. An exposure time of 10-11 minutes is recommended. Now we need to drill holes in the PCB for the through-hole components. Finally, we have to solder all the components through-hole components. If the final result is not achieved when testing the final circuit, we have to run troubleshooting and find out the problem. Then, we solved the problem based on the troubleshooting after we identify the real problem. Chapter 2 Circuit Design and Operation 2. 1 Schematic diagram Figure 2. 1. 1 Schematic Diagram of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) To Control DC Motor Speed. 2. 2 Circuit operation 2. 2. 1 Flow Chart and Description Input Signal DC wave) ? IC NE556 Output Signal (Square wave) LM311 Comparator Potentiometer ? IC NE556 Output Signal (Modulated Square wave) IRF 521 DC Motor Figure 2. 2. 1. 1 Circuit Operation Flowchart The input signal is fed into first half of IC NE556. The IC NE556 will generate square wave. The wave will then go to the second half of IC NE556 and been modulated. Potentiometer will control the second half IC to produce the desired output. A modulated square will be generated from the second IC. This wave of current will be amplified by IRF521 and then went to the motor and spin it. The DC motor speed will depends on the magnitude of the current. Chapter 3 Project Progress 3. 0 The Project Progress and the Project Outcomes The first stage of the progress is building the circuit for the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit. Then, the best circuit diagram is chosen for our project. A preliminary literature review about our circuit had also been done. In this project, two of the LM556, Dual 556 Timer TTL IC were used to simulate the PWM circuit. The first IC allowed the possibility to generate square wave while the second IC allow modulation variation. Other than that, several problems were encountered when simulating some part of the circuit. This is due to incomplete library component of the simulation software such as the lack of LM556 IC in the first place. This was because the wrong type of licence of the software was selected. After a few trials and some changes of the circuit diagram for simulation, and with the right licence for the software, the PWM circuit was successfully simulated. Figure 1. 1 Expected DC square wave (output) Results Input Signal of 1st half of IC NE556 Output Signal of 2nd half of IC NE556 Calculation from theory: Thigh= 0. 7(RA+RC)C Thigh= 0. 7(1M+1K) (0. 05Â µ) = 0. 035s/35ms Tlow= 0. 7 RB C Tlow= 0. 7 (1K) (0. 05Â µ) = 3. 510-5s/ 0. 035 ms Values from simulation: Thigh= 38ms Tlow= 42 Â µs/ 0. 042 m Input Signal of 2nd half of IC NE556 Output Signal of 2nd half IC NE556 (A=0%, B=0%) (A=0%, B=10%) (A=0%, B=50%) (A=0% B=100%) Calculation from theory: Thigh= 1. 1 RA C Rated Current From Simulation (A=0%, B=0%)I=45. 842mA(A=0%, B=10%)I=132. 953mA (A=0%, B=50%)I=406. 541mA(A=0% B=100%)I=4. 121A Table of Motor Speed Slow| Speed| Fast| 0%| Value of Potentiometer B| 100%| 0. 2077ms| T high (ON time)| 7. l79ms| 132. 95mA| Rated Current| 4. 121A| 12V| Rated Voltage (Constant)| 12V| Since voltage is constant, the higher the current supplied, the faster the motor would spin. Chapter 4 4. 0 The Problems Encountered CASE 1 – FINDING SUITABLE SIMULATION SOFTWARE The PWM circuit uses two of LM556 IC. The first LM556 will convert DC input signal into square wave. Before doi ng the hardware of the project, the software need to be simulated first to check whether the circuit diagram is correct or need some adjustment. Because of this, finding the suitable simulation software had become a problem encounter to finish the project. List below show example name of other simulation software that can be used to run any the software simulation for the project; 1. TINA 2. OrCAD Capture 3. PROTEUS All of the other simulation software above can be use to run the simulation for this project but some of them were not suitable. As an example the TINA software were not used because of the unfamiliarity and the complexity of the software. The project also cannot be simulated using the OrCAD Capture since there were a large number of library which does not have simulation installed. This make it unsuitable since this project required to be simulated. Meanwhile PROTEUS software was not used because of the difficult interface that complicate the user or in other words not user-friendly. CASE 2 – WRONG LICENCE OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE After MULTISIM had been installed, a situation was encountered where the library components are not complete or some of the components are not available. If this problem prolonged, the circuit cannot be designed in the software. Some measures had been taken to find the solution but the problems still persist. There are some types of licence that accompanied for MULTISIM, which are: 1Power PRO Edition 2Full Edition 3Student Edition 4Education PKG Edition 5Base Edition At first, the Full Edition licence was installed. When the circuit was being designed, a lot of components were unavailable. Every aspect of the software was checked, but no problem related to the software was detected. The MULTISIM software was cleanly installed in the computer. . 1 Solutions for Every Problem CASE 1 SOLUTION – USE MULTISIM SOFTWARE The simulation can be done by using simulation programmed like TINA, Proteus, or OrCAD Capture. Unfortunately, all of these simulation programmed mentioned above have problems as explained before. Without a proper simulation, it is hard to detect any problems that exist in the design of the circuit. Finally, MULTISIM i s chosen as the simulation program. MULTISIM was suitable for simulation of the Pulse Width Modulation circuit. MULTISIM has all the required components in its component library. Hence, all the components can be place in the circuit to complete it. Simulation can be done easily by using MULTISIM. All the results being cleared by using this programmed. Expected results are the PWM wave which will control the motor. CASE 2 SOLUTION – WRONG LICENCE OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE This problem was easily encountered by reinstalling licence of the right type. In this case, PowerPro Edition licence type was required. After it has been reinstalled, all the components are unlocked. Hence, the process of designing the circuit in the simulation software continued, and simulation process succeed. Chapter 5 Conclusion For this semester, the project progress was successful until the simulation. Hence, the simulation needs to be done correctly according to the circuit so that expected result can be obtained. The circuit diagram for PWM to Control DC Motor Speed has been successfully designed. Thus, the first objective has been achieved. The progress of the project works efficiently if the project followed accordingly to the Gantt chart made at the beginning of the project. The Gantt chart contains all the important steps that need to be followed in rder to finish the project successfully. All the steps in the Gantt chart been mentioned with respective date. Hence, there should be no problem during Final Year Project 1 when all works were being done according directly to the Gantt chart. The simulation for PWM to Control DC Motor Speed had been done by using simulation program, MULTISIM. MULTISIM provides all the necessary components to complete the simulation for the PWM circuit . Since the output should be a DC motor or a DC fan, it was replaced with Oscilloscope or Multimeter to observe the changes that occur in the simulation. This shows that choosing MULTISIM is the smart choice to run the simulation because of the advantages and the ease of use that this simulation program has. REFERENCES 1. Motor Speed Controller, retrieved from http://homepages. which. net/~paul. hills/SpeedControl/SpeedControllersBody. html 2. 4QD-TEC: Electronics Circuits Reference Archive : PWM speed control, retrieved from 4qdtec. com/pwm-01. html 3. PWM Motor Speed Controller / DC Light Dimmer, retrieved from solorb. com/elect/solarcirc/pwm1/ 4. PWM DC Motor Controller, retrieved from http://picprojects. org. uk/projects/ppc/index. htm

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Application to Imperial College Master in Finance Essay

Application to Imperial College Master in Finance - Essay Example Secondly, I could witness first-hand the environmental issues that are associated with that. I do not want to be too picky about where I find my first start, but I would like to begin my career within Asian financial hubs, such as Hong Kong and Singapore. The reasoning behind this is two-fold: I could familiarize myself with the Asian markets but I would also be able to network with many individuals who are working in the Asian financial industry. Tapping into their expertise will help me to form my own opinions and also give me the inside scoop on the inner workings of the financial markets in Asia. Please outline the challenges you think you will face in achieving these career goals and how you will overcome them? (200 words) A career in the financial industry can be extremely challenging and requires a solid academic background. I believe the curriculum offered at Imperial Business School will equip me with a range of skill sets beneficial to a career in trading. I look forward to studying Investment and Portfolio Management, Asset Pricing and Derivatives, and the Structured Credit and Equity Products modules, which will provide me with a theoretical framework of trading and investment strategies. Furthermore, traders need to be decisive and have market acumen. I am a retail investor in the Asian stock markets while I also have a trading account in the UK, where I constantly bet on commodities and foreign exchange rates. I believe my experience has made me aware of market movements and prepared me to work in this industry. Moreover, a career in trading also demands high quantitative skills. I have completed Mathematical Methods and Statistical Theories courses, which will serve as building blocks for taking advanced quantitative courses, such as Mathematics for Finance and Financial Econometrics at Imperial Business School. Additionally, professional qualifications would help me to break into this competitive market. Therefore, I have applied to take the CFA exam in June of 2013. Please describe your long term career goals or, if these are not clear, please outline the industry sectors that are of particular interest to you and why (200 words) After working as a commodity trader for a period of three years, I plan to join one of the top investment funds. This short experience as a trader would help form my decision-making processes and develop my market knowledge. Building on this experience, I believe I would learn more in-depth investment strategies and portfolio management skills by working with an investment fund. Ultimately, I would like to set up an environmental and ethical fund in China, where I would invest in environmentally-friendly companies, particularly those that are engaged in improving human health, safety, and the quality of life. Investors in China now are gradually increasing their interest in these companies. I truly believe that the emergence of such a fund would attract much public attention in China because the people want their society to change. Hopefully this would lead to Chinese companies disclosing more information about the environmental and social aspects of their public reports. Compounded with contemporary government policies that favour environmentally and ethically sound industries, I have strong faith that my fund will be an intermediary for investors to exercise market power on companies, shoulder greater social responsibilities, and move towards more

Friday, November 1, 2019

To what extent is the work of philosophers such as Popper, Kuhn, Essay

To what extent is the work of philosophers such as Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend useful in forming a critical judgement o - Essay Example This is expected to happen due to the circumstances when the principles that were initially used to form the foundations of economics were built, and that many changes have already happened during the course of modernisation in the next two hundred years or so (Smelser & Swedberg, 2010). Also, the major rearrangement of economic ideas in the late 1930’s which was considered to be a â€Å"revolution† was not at all one in its entirety, and that it was only due to the proliferation of numerous competing schools of thought that eventually created the need to cull and select only those which are easily synthesized and revamped and can be used into the succeeding years, essentially recycling some ideas to suit the needs of modernity (Laidler, 1999). This kind of treatment to the field of economics created some unforeseen problems such as the difficulty of handling the rapidly-changing market trends, shifts and fluctuations between expected and actual economic growth, and the mismanagement of policies that were supposed to control fast price inflations, among others (England, 2000). The previously predictable thought patterns of most people have been replaced by the notion that due to the vast influx of ideas, various people might be thinking of different things and interests at any given time, which in turn counts for a greater variability in terms of anything that is beyond the basic necessities of everyday life (Roberts, Finnegan, & Gallie, 1985). As a result, market analyses today are much harder to handle not only due to the failure of the traditional rational choices that were initially able to predict consumer patterns, but also the changes that happen in the market trends that do not seem to repeat itself even after several decades (Smelser & Swedberg, 2010). These kinds of unpredictable results rose from the idea that economics can be treated in the same way as how most sciences are handled, and as a result forced economists to think like scien tists in a field that is more often than not as predictable as simple scientific inquiry, which in turn entails the need to change the way how economics must be tackled in the modern era (Keita, 1992). Many thinkers and philosophers were able to introduce new methods of thinking, as well as stating their own ideas and criticisms with regards to the validity and credibility of most scientific inquiry methods. However, some techniques of teaching and studying economics may not coincide with the scientific method, such as from deductive to inductive reasoning or the inverse of it, and problems could definitely arise if a field that mostly uses deductive reasoning such as economics is being dealt with in an inductive way, and this would not make any sense of the results, thus the standards of reliability become endlessly challenged, bringing about even more unexpected results (Blaug, 1980; Pheby, 1988). For example, if market trends were looked at in the same way as how the scientific m ethods work, then it is expected that consumers are highly predictable in terms of what they would prefer to do with their money, and even after ten years of observation things would still remain the same. While in the early days of the industrial revolution it may seem as though it is indeed easy to predict as to what items would be sellable within the season since there are only a few mass-produced items that the population could buy, nowadays due to various trends that seemingly change from a day to a month, this kind