What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Investigative Research Paper

<h1> What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Investigative Research Paper </h1> <h2> Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Investigative Research Paper </h2> <p>Many erroneously figure the 2 terms might be utilized reciprocally. The underlying two have different titles. On the off chance that you despite everything feel you need assistance, regardless of whether you've figured out how to decide on a theme, you may consistently utilize a custom composing administration to help you produce an astounding examination paper of which you'll be pleased and will promise you a decent imprint. In case you're keen on your point, finding out about it'll be progressively pleasurable and you'll compose with expanded enthusiasm, so select your subject attentively. </p> <h2> The Good, the Bad and Investigative Research Paper</h2> <p>Let's examine the two types of research methods. In particular, it is about the principles of reference, for example, an APA inquire about paper group. Record different common case activities. </p> <p>Utilizing such research techniques has greater expenses because of its temperament of one on a solitary correspondence. This sort is investigate is done in a few areas and with various sort of philosophies dependent on the kind of association. After you have that limited, you can think your examination and form a wonderful paper. Quantitative Research is used to evaluate the issue by methods for producing numerical information or information that might be changed into usable measurements. </p> <p>Investors who can't stand to order proficient research can get moderate analytical reports from various financial specialists. As the measure of advanced digital assaults increment upon the Earth, so too does the interest for graduates with the basic capacities and aptitude to help an associations ability to defend themselves against security dangers and computerized attack. Truth be told, there are a large number of unmistakable work in the common organization, each req uiring an alternate range of abilities and diverse mindset to have the option to do successfully. Analytical authorities additionally should have the option to utilize paper reports as proof, which may require investing loads of energy at work or at the library. </p> <h2> The Most Popular Investigative Research Paper</h2> <p>The sort of work you might want to do is your choice, it's about your profession destinations and range of abilities you might want to get through a customary or professional school, work preparing plan, or apprenticeship. In light of the position, you may likewise need to take work information test, composing evaluation, and work reenactment. At the point when you've gotten a new line of work which intrigues you, build up a procedure to discover the certifications and training you need to land that position. So as to truly discover what capabilities you should go recruited on a specific activity, you are going to need to look at present place of employment necessities for the position. </p> <p>Folks frequently give accounts, likewise alluded to as reports, in order to pass on information about a perception or examination to a specific crowd for a specific capacity. Subjective Research is generally exploratory research. Our exploration groups go directly to the town halls and in various occasions you get the outcomes precisely the same second. </p> <p>It is essential to know that estimating with respect to whom the suspects could be doesn't really prompt the loss of objectivity on the bit of the agent. Examination reports as a rule gracefully the crowd a quick perspective on the examination that have of late occurred. It is intended to uncover mystery, covered up or darken data that may manufacture an increasingly far reaching image of the issue under scrutiny. All things considered, empower the examination start. </p> <h2>The Downside Risk of Investigative Research Paper </h2> <p>1 certainty which I discovered exceptionally telling was that understudies demonstrated a manner to procure associations and look past the self-evident. For some, people, composing can be a tremendous test. You've just been out of school a snappy while, and you're completely qualified to acquire a change, any second, yet all things considered, it will permit you to establish a superior connection on the off chance that yo u might be sure of what you're doing. For a beginning stage, view this previous experiment.</p> <h2> Investigative Research Paper Features </h2> <p>Superior nourishment can go far concerning prevailing upon individuals. Among the decent things about working for the legislature is that some instruction will expect you to encounter an occupation preparing plan. You will get data that could help you in making the entirety of your activity chasing introductions all the more impressive and intense. Appraisal You need to invest a considerable time of energy working freely, perusing and planning for evaluations. </p> <p>By doing this you make the transition to Colorado previously utilized, at that point plan work search as a local candidate following a year. Looking for some kind of employment in the common administrations are some of the time a brilliant vocation for a mind-blowing rest. You can save a quest to naturally scan for new openings that coordinate what you're scanning for. Excursion and wiped out leave is practically constantly included. </p> <p>It is an outlandish assignment to form a theoretical research paper since this sort of article consistently addresses a specific theme and offers a real quest for ideal strategies for tackling a particular issue. Your article should have a thesisan answer to your focal research question. In the technique for composing research articles, it's basic to stick to a particular theme. While picking a subject, you would initially pick a general point and restricted it down to make a theory following your starter inquire about. </ p>

Tables For Research Papers

Tables For Research PapersAlthough research papers are usually written with lots of pen and paper, it is actually more effective to have special tables for research papers. These can be specially crafted tables that have special features that make it convenient for you to get all the information about a particular research paper as you need it.There are many different types of research papers. One type is the typical research paper which has a lot of information on the paper. It should be able to provide an overview about the research in question and also its conclusions. That is why they need to be carefully written with many figures, charts, tables and other graphics so that you can easily comprehend what the researcher is trying to convey in his/her research paper.The second type of research papers are the ones which have analytical and critical questions. They also need to be accurately written, though this can be accomplished with special paper holders that are specifically made for them. Such holders can be used to hang up your paper and make it easy for you to copy or save your writing. It can be done with ease and convenience when you can find paper holders that have all the right features that will give your paper an elegant look.Another type of research paper is the one that includes a study group. They need to be clearly defined in the paper and also they need to be properly evaluated so that they can give you an exact summary of how good the researcher is as a writer. This is usually the case when you are looking for those that have also had to deal with your paper since it will help you assess the work the researcher has done. Sometimes, having written two or three papers in a row is enough to determine your own abilities as a writer.Many research papers have multiple writers who have their own ideas and their own personalities that need to be respected and written down. It is important to not overlook this fact, since this will make it easier for you to be able to form your own opinion on your own paper.Finally, some research papers may have lots of factors that must be analyzed before coming to a conclusion. This is why having different table holders for each of these factors will be very helpful. You can also easily use these table holders for other research papers that you may need them for.It is important for you to know what kind of tables for research papers you need. Make sure that you choose the right holders for your research papers so that you can easily find the correct holder to be used on each paper. Since you will most likely already use it so often, why not go for the ones that are made with high quality materials?These are just some of the many options that you can have for tables for research papers. With these, you will be able to finish your papers fast without having to worry about messing up your papers in the process.

Good Presentation Topics in a Sales Presentation

Good Presentation Topics in a Sales PresentationMany people in the internet marketing business have probably already heard about the concept of good presentation topics in a sales presentation. Well, there are so many good and useful suggestions about this topic that you can easily discover a lot of advantages of presenting your presentation with this interesting topic.First of all, why are presentation topics considered as important in your own sales presentation? This is actually because the audience is being treated well if it can understand what you are about to tell them. To have this, you need to make sure that the presentation topic will be as informative as possible.Actually, presenting your presentation topics at the right time is important. It is not a rule, but often the right time for this subject will determine the success of your presentation. If you would like to know, your presentation must be finished before noon, but even if you would like to end the presentation ea rly, you still need to make sure that you finish the point you have made in your presentation.It is no wonder why many people are interested in knowing more about internet marketing, and one of the best ways to learn more about it is by learning about it in this days' world. You do not need to go abroad and experience that because there are plenty of options for you to learn what it is all about.These days, you can find a lot of resources and books that will help you in finding good presentation topics. I would recommend that you always read and then remember what has been mentioned in it. If you would like to know more about it, then ask your partner or a mentor about it.All in all, presenting your presentation topics to the right audience at the right time is definitely important. If you could find the right presentation topics, then you will get to benefit from what the presentation is about and you will get to learn a lot.So if you really want to get the information on what pres entation topics should be used in your sales presentation, then you need to start searching for this information. This is easy to do, and you just need to sign up for an e-book directory that is easily accessible online. All you need to do is sign up and in a few seconds, you will have access to a lot of e-books about it and you will be able to learn more about internet marketing.

My Speech On My Native Language - 1172 Words

We all feel pressure to meet expectations set by ourselves and other people. Some of my pressures are put on me self-consciously. Other pressures are directly from other people and society. I feel like I should be able to speak my native language, as not being able to puts a language barrier between me and my grandmother. It also seems I am obligated to have the ability to speak the only language I can speak fluently without an accent. Lastly, I feel pressure to fit social norms, being able to speak the way a man is expected to speak. This has made me self-aware of the way people hear me, leading to me being self-conscious. Overcoming my insecurities about my native language, my second language, and the way I speak, have made me a stronger and more confident person. My grandma always encouraged me to learn to speak Hmong. I did not really understand why I should learn the language until I realized how much of a barrier is really between us. It is the day of my birthday party. Most of my family is over, all nine of my dad’s sibling plus all of their kids. Little kids screaming, kids talking, and adults laughing, the house was full of sounds of joy from every corner of every room. The food on the table taunts everyone, leading to a lot of snacking. What I look forward to the most is a white vanilla cake with happy birthday written in electric blue was. Before we eat, my grandma gives a speech. All the sound in the room silences as she speaks and everyone listens. I can tellShow MoreRelatedWhy I Am, The Way I Talk1358 Words   |  6 Pagesway I talk It is a little challenging to decipher how my past history and how different communities that I have been exposed to has influenced my speech patterns. Studying the cause and effect of speech has made me realize how important language is, and has made me aware of the effects and influence I can have on people solely based on the way I speak. There are many factors to consider when de-layering and figuring how my speech was formed, such as people, regions/places, communities and religionRead MoreLanguage Assessments For English Language Learners Essay741 Words   |  3 Pages Spinelli Chapter 5 Oral and English Language Learner/Bilingual This chapter identifies language assessments for English Language Learners and Bilingual students. Over the next several years, the United States educational system will see a dramatic increase in culturally and linguistically diverse students from various racial and ethnic minority groups. This chapter is a must read if you have limited knowledge about teaching culturally or linguistically diverse (CLD) students. This past yearRead MoreGraduation Speech : Language And Education994 Words   |  4 Pagesin World Language Education because it effortlessly joins together my sole two passions: language and education. As a child going through the public school system, whenever I was asked the standard question of what I wanted to be when I grew up, I always responded, â€Å"a teacher.† However, as I have grown up and have been exposed to different situations, I have developed an affinity for the Spanish language. It started as a language requirement in high school and transformed into a language class thatRead MoreFinding Sharing Land With A Stranger1508 Words   |  7 Pagesstatus because developing children can lose their native identity and they also can strengthen the United States economy. Losing native identity is natural in a developing child. My mom immigrated to the United States in February 2006, with a tourist visa (same goes for me and my sister). Since then, my sister and I was culturalized by the American culture. However, I still manage to speak my native language, my sister though has a different story. My sister came here just before she turned 8, whichRead MoreImportance of Being Bilingual Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesis the official language in America and everybody communicates in English. Many people believe that English should be the only language in America and that sometimes people may face prejudice when they speak English with an accent. For some parents, the fear of prejudice makes them decided not to teach their children their native tongue. On the other hand, there are many other reasons why some parents want to teach their children their native tongue. Gabriela Kuntz explains in My Spanish StandoffRead MoreReaction Paper to Comprehension-Bas ed Approach in English Language Teaching978 Words   |  4 PagesComprehension Based Approach in Teaching Language A. Summary of Comprehension Based Approach The Comprehension Approach refers to several methodologies of language learning that emphasize understanding of language rather than speaking. It is a pedagogical/instructive principle, which can be found in a number of methods and in practical listening comprehension; a. comprehension should be taught by teaching learners to understand meaning in the target language; b. the learners levelRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish as a Second Language When I started searching about topics that are related to Academic English I came up with the features of Academic English but this was a general topic so I looked for other topics. I searched on google about other topics, such as the importance of Academic English. I noticed a website that is about the importance of Academic English for non-native speakers. That really interested me because it is a personal topic since English is my second language. My initial assumptionRead MoreThe Language Student Profile Is For Mrs. Elizabeth Flores And Includes A Learner Profile875 Words   |  4 PagesLearners Background The following Language student profile is for Mrs. Elizabeth Flores and includes a Learner Profile (Appendix). Mrs. Flores is a stay at home wife and mother of two, the oldest in kindergarten. She has lived in the United States for the last 14 years emigrating from Puebla, Mexico. Before having children, she worked within in the community she resides not requiring English language skills. According to Elizabeth, learning English is important and will enable her to communicationRead MoreThe Language Acquisition And Learning Concepts That I Have Learned771 Words   |  4 PagesThe three language acquisition and learning concepts that I have learned in this class that will most influence my teaching are the importance of paying attention to the difficulty level of the input, the importance of carefully monitoring the emotional tone of the classroom because of the affective filter, and an intentional focus on either fluency or accuracy. Steven Krashen claimed that the material students learned must be at i+1 meaning that it was just above their current level but not so hardRead MoreExperiential Language Module On Indonesian1609 Words   |  7 PagesMy forecast:   †¨You are about to attend session six of your experiential language module on Indonesian. You have mastered the progressive verbs, (jalan  jalan etc.) But you are currently struggling with reported speech in this beautiful but trying language. You have a meeting with Putu, your Indonesian language partner. Don t worry about the time  difference though--It s only Putu s avatar. The real Putu is fast asleep in his tempat tidur. When he wakes up, he will catch the feed to see what he missed

Love, Lust and Obsession in The Great Gatsby Essay Example For Students

Love, Lust and Obsession in The Great Gatsby Essay There is a fine line between love and lust. If love is only a will to possess, it is not love. To love someone is to hold them dear to ones heart. In The Great Gatsby, the characters, Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan are said to be in love, but in reality, this seems to be a misconception. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald portrays the themes of love, lust and obsession, through the character of Jay Gatsby, who confuses lust and obsession with love. By the end of the novel however, Jay Gatsby is denied his love and suffers an untimely death. The author interconnects the relationships of the various prominent characters to support these ideas. The character of Jay Gatsby was a wealthy business man, who the author developed as arrogant and tasteless. Gatsbys love interest, Daisy Buchanan, was a subdued socialite who was married to the dim witted Tom Buchanan. She is the perfect example of how women of her level of society were supposed to act in her day. The circumstances surrounding Gatsby and Daisys relationship kept them eternally apart. For Daisy to have been with Gatsby would have been forbidden, due to the fact that she was married. That very concept of their love being forbidden, also made it all the more intense, for the idea of having a prohibited love, like William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, made it all the more desirable. Gatsby was remembering back five years to when Daisy was not married and they were together:His heart began to beat faster as Daisys white face came up to his own. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never ro mp again like the mind of God. So he waited, listening for a moment longer to the tuning-fork that had been struck upon a star. Then he kissed her. At his lips touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete. His memory of her is sweet and beautiful so that even without saying it, it is obvious that he was, and possibly is still, in love with her. He remembered the past and convinced himself that it could be like that once again. He became delusional with love, and was blinded by it. Because Daisy was married, it was impossible for she and Gatsby to be together, but this did not stop them from secretly flirting and quietly exchanging their tokens of affection. Who wants to go to town? demanded Daisy insistently. Gatsbys eyes floated toward her. Ah, she cried, you look so cool.Their eyes met, and they stared together at each other, alone in space. With an effort she glanced down at the table. You always look so cool, she repeated. She had told him that she loved him, and Tom Buchanan sawBefore this quote, Tom had no inkling of Gatsby and Daisys secret affair and when he finds out, it makes him crazed. The thought of not having control over his women, made him furious. He also thought that to love someone, you had to dominate them and the moment he realizes that he has lost this domination, he panics because he thinks that maybe Daisy doesnt love him anymore. Gatsby senses that Tom is upset which gives Gatsby a sense of power since it is now he who has control over Daisy, for the time being. To lust for someone is to have sexual longings for a person. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald portrays lust through Gatsby. It is mentioned that before he met Daisy, he lusted after many women, yet he held no respect for them. .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 , .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .postImageUrl , .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 , .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460:hover , .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460:visited , .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460:active { border:0!important; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460:active , .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460 .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3ffa4654227cc0497b1dc73cc4184460:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Existentialism EssayHe knew women early, and since they spoiled him he became contemptuous of them, of young virgins because they were ignorant, of the others because they were hysterical about things which in his overwhelming self-absorption he took for granted. Until he met Daisy, he took women for granted, never understanding the value of respect and love. The character of Gatsby gives enough evidence to conclude that lust has nothing to do with love, and that they are entirely different frames of mind. Gatsby lusted for women, but did not respect or love his lust objects. They were only objects of desire. When lust becomes an obsession, lust becomes dangerous. It can completely overpower a person until they become controlled by it. By the end of this book, Gatsby becomes obsessed with Daisy. He thinks of nothing else but her and constantly analyses over every little detail of her life. He wanted her so much to have her, that it consumed his life. He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: I never loved you. After she had obliterated four years with that sentence they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken. One of them was that, after she was free, they were to go back to Louisville and be married from her house just as if it were five years ago. And she doesnt understand, he said. She used to be able understand. Wed sit for hours-He broke off and began to walk up and down a desolate path of fruit rinds and discarded favours and crushed flowers. I wouldnt ask too much of her, I ventured. You cant repeat the pastCant repeat the past? he cried incredulously. Why of course you can!Gatsby becomes delusional with the thought of Daisy. He again thought that he could turn back the hands of time and have everything the same and perfect, with the exception of a few dollars or so. He had no life anymore. She was his life. It is also clear that the driving motivation for getting all his money, was so that he will appeal to Daisy. She was a material woman and she was used to living a lavish life. She knew that if she married Gatsby, she would have to give up many of the luxuries that she had become accustomed to over the years of her life. Gatsbys whole efforts in this book are focused on trying to bring him and Daisy back to the point of time before he joined the army, except this time he has enough money for her. She never loved you, dont you hear? he cried. She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me. It was a terrible mistake, but in her heart she never loved any one except me!He wanted to repeat the past and have it exactly the way it was before he joined the army. She wasnt willing to risk her social status for the man she loved, concluding that she did not really love him. Near the end of the novel, Gatsby is murdered by the husband of the woman Daisy had killed. Gatsby was denied Daisys love and he thereafter paid for her actions. She walked away with her life and social status in tact and continued to live in luxury, paying no thought to the fact that the man she had loved, was killed for an action that she herself had committed. Throughout the novel, the character of Gatsby portrayed the succession of love, to lust, to obsession. By showing this succession, he differentiated between the three, deducting that they all were different things. If love is only a will to possess, it is not love.

Violence In Modern Colombia Takes Place In Many Forms. The Three Major

Violence in modern Colombia takes place in many forms. The three major categories are crime, guerrilla activities, and attacks committed by drug traffickers. Violence has become so widespread and common in Colombia that many people have now become numb to it. The Colombian economy has also benefited from the illicit drug trade; however violent it may be. During the 1970s, Colombia became well known, as one of the world's most important drug processing, production, and distribution centers for marijuana and cocaine. The shrubs and plants from which both drugs are derived from and processed has been well known in Colombia for centuries, but until the 1970s drug refiners and traffickers had not taken full advantage. The chewing of coca leaves was very well known in the South American Inca Empire in the 11th century. The Incas, the Colombian Chibchas and other local ethnic groups have always attributed mythical and religious power to the bush and to the alkaloids that were extracted by its leaves by chewing on them. The existence of a drug, cocaine, which could be chemically extracted from large volumes of leaves was not discovered until 1884 by an Austrian ophthalmologist. Marijuana is a drug extracted from hemp, a plant from which coarse fibers are also obtained for the manufacture of cloth, cordage, and sacking. The development of marijuana in Colombia took place in the mid 1940s during the administration of President Mariano Ospina Perez. The government at this time imported various fibers producing species from different parts of the world in an attempt to improve the postwar textile industry. The imported fiber plant included cannabis sativa (hemp) from Asia, and jute and sisal from Mexico. The Ministry of Agriculture was distributing these plants throughout the countryside of Colombia, and peasants and farmers were encouraged to plant them. During this same period, the consumption of marijuana was beginning to become a problem among the Bohemians in Medellin. As a result of this increasing drug problem, especially among the Bohemian members of the middle and upper class, on March 11, 1946, the Ospina administration passed the nation's first anti- drug law, Decree No. 896. This law prohibited the cultivation, distribution, and sale of coca and marijuana, and ruled that all local and regional governments had to destroy all coca and marijuana plantations (Osterling). Colombia has not always been a violent country. It should be noted that in the past, Colombia experienced periods of peace and tranquillity. During this time, the levels of violence were lower than many European and American Countries. Colombia has gained international fame as one of the major centers in the world for drug trafficking. Anytime a country has a problem with drug trafficking, crime is always high. In 1973, homicide was the seventh highest cause from death, but since has become the first since 1990. More than 165,000 have had a violent death between 1980 and 1990. During this decade, the homicide rate was 77.5% per 100,000 people. In comparison, the United States has been regarded as a violent country, but yet the homicide rate was only 8.0%. Contributing to this violence in Colombia is the possession of firearms. Colombians possess more than three million firearms, and more than half is possessed illegally. This adds greatly to the crime and violence in Colombia (Posada -Carbo). It is extremely difficult to measure the magnitude, type, and location of violence in Colombia. Another problem in measuring the amount of violence is that not all violent cases are reported. It must also be noted that any media report of violence must also be read with caution; for it may or may not have occurred. Violence seems to be a nationwide phenomenon. Almost all aspects of the Colombian population experience some degree of violence. Almost everybody is a potential victim; violence does not prefer a particular socioeconomic class, profession, race, or ethnic group. However, some geographical locations have been more prone to violence. The entire Cauca River Valley, including the cities of Cali and Medellin, and the areas between southern Cundinamarca, southeast Tolima, and northeast Haila, seem to have been the most violent (Chepesiak). According to some Colombian observers, intimidation and revenge has caused many to look the other way when violence occurs. It has also cause many

Bent Pyramid Insight In Egyptian Architectural History

Bent Pyramid Insight In Egyptian Architectural History The Bent Pyramid in Dahshur, Egypt is unique among pyramids: instead of being a perfect pyramid shape, the slope changes about 2/3 of the way to the top. It is also one of five Old Kingdom Pyramids that retain their original form, 4,500 years after their construction. All of them- the Bent and Red Pyramids at Dahshur and the three Pyramids at Giza- were built within a single century. Out of all five, the Bent Pyramid is the best opportunity we have for understanding how architectural techniques of ancient Egypt were developed. Statistics The Bent Pyramid is located near Saqqara, and it was built during the reign of the Old Kingdom Egyptian pharaoh Snefru, sometimes transliterated from the hieroglyphs as Snofru or Sneferu. Snefru ruled Upper and Lower Egypt between 2680-2565 BCE or 2575-2551 BCE, depending on which chronology you use. The Bent Pyramid is 189 meters (620 feet) square at its base and 105 m (345 ft) tall. It has two distinct interior apartments designed and built independently and connected only by a narrow passageway. Entrances to these rooms are located on the north and west faces of the pyramid. It is unknown who was buried inside of the Bent Pyramid- their mummies were stolen in ancient times. Why is it Bent? The pyramid is called bent because of that steep change in slope. To be precise, the lower part of the pyramids outline is angled inward at 54 degrees, 31 minutes, and then at 49 m (165 ft) above the base, the slope abruptly flattens out to 43 degrees, 21 minutes, leaving a distinctively odd shape. Several theories about why the pyramid was made this way were prevalent in Egyptology until recently. They included the premature death of the pharaoh, requiring the speedy completion of the pyramid; or that noises coming from the interior clued the builders into the fact that the angle was not sustainable. To Bend or Not to Bend Archaeoastronomer Juan Antonio Belmonte and engineer Giulio Magli have argued that the Bent Pyramid was built at the same time as the Red Pyramid, a pair of monuments built to celebrate Snefru as the double-king: pharaoh of the Red Crown of the north and the White Crown of the South. Magli, in particular, has argued that the bend was an intentional element of the Bent Pyramids architecture, meant to establish an astronomical alignment appropriate to Snefrus sun cult. The most commonly held theory today is that a comparably sloped pyramid- Meidum, also thought to have been built by Snefru- collapsed while the Bent Pyramid was still under construction, and the architects adjusted their building techniques to make sure the Bent Pyramid would not do the same. A Technological Breakthrough Intentional or not, the Bent Pyramids odd appearance provides insight into the technical and architectural breakthrough it represents in Old Kingdom monument building. The dimensions and weight of the stone blocks are much greater than its predecessors, and the construction technique of the outer casings is quite different. Earlier pyramids were constructed with a central core with no functional distinctions between casing and external layer: the experimenting architects of the Bent Pyramid tried something different. Like the earlier Step Pyramid, the Bent pyramid has a central core with progressively smaller horizontal courses stacked on top of one another. To fill in the external steps and make a smooth-faced triangle, the architects needed to add casing blocks. The Meidum pyramids outer casings were formed by cutting sloped edges on horizontally placed blocks: but that pyramid failed, spectacularly, its outer casings falling off it in a catastrophic landslide as it neared completion. The Bent Pyramids casings were cut as rectangular blocks, but they were laid sloping inward at 17 degrees against the horizontal. That is technically more difficult, but it gives strength and solidity to the building, taking advantage of gravity pulling the mass inward and downward. This technology was invented during the construction: in the 1970s, Kurt Mendelssohn suggested that when Meidum collapsed, the core of the Bent Pyramid was already built to a height of about 50 m (165 ft), so instead of starting from scratch, the builders changed the way the outer casings were constructed. By the time Cheops pyramid at Giza was constructed a few decades later, those architects used improved, better-fitting and better-shaped limestone blocks as casings, permitting that steep and lovely 54-degree angle to survive. A Complex of Buildings In the 1950s, archaeologist  Ahmed Fakhry  discovered that the Bent Pyramid was surrounded by a complex of temples, residential structures and causeways, hidden beneath the shifting sands of the Dahshur plateau. Causeways and orthogonal roads connect the structures: some were built or added on to during the Middle Kingdom, but much of the complex is attributed to the reign of Snefru or his 5th dynasty successors. All later pyramids are also part of complexes, but the Bent Pyramids is one of the earliest examples. The Bent Pyramid complex includes a small upper temple or chapel to the east of the pyramid, a causeway and a valley temple. The Valley Temple is a rectangular 47.5x27.5 m (155.8x90 ft) stone building with an open courtyard and a gallery that probably held six statues of Snefru. Its stone walls are about 2 m (6.5 ft) thick. Residential and Administrative An extensive (34x25 m or 112x82 ft) mud brick structure with much thinner walls (.3-.4 m or 1-1.3 ft) was adjacent to the valley temple, and it was accompanied by round silos and square storage buildings. A garden with some palm trees stood nearby, and a mud-brick enclosure wall surrounded all of it. Based on archaeological remains, this set of buildings served a range of purposes, from domestic and residential to administrative and storage. A total of 42 clay sealing fragments naming fifth dynasty rulers was found in a midden east of the valley temple. South of the Bent pyramid is a smaller pyramid, 30 m (100 ft) high with an overall slope of about 44.5 degrees. The small inner chamber may have held another statue of Snefru, this one to hold the Ka, the symbolic vital spirit of the king. Arguably, the Red Pyramid could be part of the intended Bent Pyramid complex. Built roughly at the same time, the Red Pyramid is the same height, but faced with reddish limestone- scholars surmise that this is the pyramid where Snefru himself was buried, but of course, his mummy was looted long ago. Other features of the complex include a necropolis with Old Kingdom tombs and Middle Kingdom burials, located east of the Red Pyramid. Archaeology and History The primary archaeologist associated with excavations in the 19th century was William Henry Flinders Petrie; and in the 20th century, it was Ahmed Fakhry. Ongoing excavations are being conducted at Dahshur by the German Archaeological Institute at Cairo and the Free University of Berlin. Sources Aboulfotouh, Hossam M. K. Astronomical Algorithms of Egyptian Pyramids Slopes Adn Their Modules Divider. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 15.3 (2015): 225–35. Print.Alexanian, Nicole, and Felix Arnold. The Necropolis of Dahshur: Eleventh Excavation Report Spring 2014. Berlin: German Archaeological Institute and Free University of Berlin, 2014. Print.Alexanian, Nicole, et al. The Necropolis of Dahshur: Fifth Excavation Report Spring 2008. Berlin: German Archaeological Institute and Free University of Berlin, 2008. Print.Belmonte, Juan Antonio, and Giulio Magli. Astronomy, Architecture, and Symbolism: The Global Project of Sneferu at Dahshur. Journal for the History of Astronomy 46.2 (2015): 173–205. Print.MacKenzie, Kenneth J. D., et al. Were the Casing Stones of Senefrus Bent Pyramid in Dahshour Cast or Carved?: Multinuclear Nmr Evidence. Materials Letters 65.2 (2011): 350–52. Print.Magli, Giulio. The Giza ‘Written’ Landscape and the Double Project of King Khufu. Time and Mind 9.1 (2016): 57-74. Print. Mendelssohn, K. A Building Disaster at the Meidum Pyramid. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 59 (1973): 60–71. Print.Moeller, Nadine. The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt from the Predynastic Period to the End of the Middle Kingdom. New York: Camridge University Press, 2016. Print.Mà ¼ller-Rà ¶mer, Frank. A New Consideration of the Construction Methods of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 44 (2008): 113–40. Print.Reader, Colin. On Pyramid Causeways. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 90 (2004): 63–71. Print.Rossi, Corinna. Note on the Pyramidion Found at Dahshur. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85 (1999): 219–22. Print.